一、考察要點：

　　《英語語言學》要求考生熟悉語言和語言學的本質，掌握英語語言學中的基本概念、基礎理論、分支和流派觀點，能借用英語語言學中的理論詮釋現實生活中的語言現象，以及語言學習中的問題與現象。

　　主要考察考生以下能力：

　　1）掌握能力。

　　題目形式是名詞解釋和簡答題。要求考生掌握有關的知識點，正確理解和解釋語言學中的一些重要概念、術語，簡要回答語言學中的一些基本問題。

　　2）運用能力。

　　題目形式是論述題。要求考生結合實際就語言學中的一些重要問題進行較為深入的分析、闡釋和論述。

　　考題的知識點包括：

　　1）語言內部分支：

　　語言學概論、音位學、語義學、句法學、語用學、語言的變化

　　2）語言學與其它學科的聯(lián)系：

　　語言與社會、語言與文化、心理語言學

　　3）語言習得：

　　語言習得概述、第二語言習得

　　二、試題描述：

　　試卷總分：150分

　　考試時間：180分鐘

　　試卷內容：由三個部分組成，每部分及分數分配描述如下：

　　I.Explain the following terms名詞解釋(共60分)

　　本部分12題，每題5分，共60分。要求考生解釋語言學中的一些重要術語。

　　例1.syntax

　　答案：

　　Syntax is a sub-field of linguistics studying the sentence structure of language.It mainly concerns the ways words are joined to form sentences.

　　例2.langue

　　答案：

　　Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community;Langue is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to follow;Langue is relatively stable,it does not change frequently.

　　例3.Parole

　　答案：

　　Parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use;parole is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules;parole varies from person to person,and from situation to situation.

　　II.Short answer questions簡答題(共66分)

　　本部分6題，每題11分，共66分。要求考生簡要回答語言學中的一些基本問題。

　　例1.What are the major differences between langue and parole?

　　答案：

　　The difference between langue and parole was made by Saussure.Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community,and parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use.Langue is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to follow while parole is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules.Langue is abstract;it is not the language people actually use,but parole is concrete;it refers to the naturally occurring language events.Langue is relatively stable;it does not change frequently;while parole varies from person to person,and from situation to situation.

　　例2.How do you understand competence and performance?

　　答案：

　　N.Chomsky defines competence as the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language.This internalized set of rules enables the language user to produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences and recognize sentences that are ungrammatical and ambiguous.According to Chomsky,performance is the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication.Although the speaker’s knowledge of his mother tongue is perfect,his performances may have mistakes because of social and psychological factors such as stress,embarrassment,etc..Chomsky believes that what linguists should study is the competence,which is systematic,not the performance,which is too haphazard.

　　例3.Use an example to illustrate Trace theory.

　　答案：

　　Trace theory is about traces left by movement.This theory assumes that a moved constituent leaves behind a null element in its original site called trace abbreviated T.The trace and the moved element bear the same index.Take the following example as an example:

　　I do not like the book that he gives me(t).

　　In the above sentence"that"is moved out from the original site,leaving a trace there.The trace and"that"refer to"the book".

　　II.Essay questions論述題(共24分)

　　本部分1題，共24分。要求考生結合實際就語言學中的一些重要問題進行較為深入的論述。

　　例題.What is Whorf hypothesis?How do you believe Linguistic Determinism?

　　本題的答案包括以下三部分：

　　Part 1:The Whorf hypothesis contains two parts,linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity.Linguistic determinism refers to the notion that a language determines a certain nonlinguistic cognitive process.In other words,learning a language changes the way a person thinks.Linguistic relativity refers to the claim that the cognitive processes that are determined are different for different languages.Speakers of different languages,therefore,are said to think in different way.

　　Part 2:The linguistic determinism hypothesis can be interpreted in two different ways.The strong version states that language determines cognition:the presence of linguistic categories creates cognitive categories.Meanwhile,a weak version states that the presence of linguistic categories influences the ease with which various cognitive operations are performed.

　　Part 3:考生結合實際論述自己對語言決定論的理解。

　　三、參考書目

　　1.《新編簡明英語語言學教程》（第二版），戴煒棟、何兆熊編，上海外語教育出版社。

　　2.《語言學教程》（第四版，英文版），胡壯麟，北京大學出版社。